•diegetic sound - Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film: voices of characters.
•synchronous sound - sounds which are expected with what is viewed.
•asynchronous sound - Sound which does not match or is unexpected with the images on the screen
•sound effects - a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, movie, or other broadcast production.
•sound motif - a dominant or recurring theme/sound).
•sound bridge - Sound bridges are one of the most common transitions in the continuity editing style, one that stresses the connection between both scenes since their mood (suggested by the music) is still the same.
•dialogue - conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie.
•voiceover - Non diegetic sound or a person speaking over a scene.
•direct address - Speaking directly to the camera/audience by looking at camera.
•sound perspective - sound recording which helps us place a sound as either either near or distant or coming from a particular place within the diegesis.
Some good examples provided here, especially of asynchronous sound.
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